07/08/2011 (B616) Un lecteur nous adresse le dernier rapport (en Anglais) au Conseil de sécurité des Nations-Unies en date du 18 juillet 2011 "Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea pursuant to Security Council resolution 1916 (2010) ". Nous mettons ce rapport à disposition en téléchargement.

Lien de téléchargement (417 pages – env 25Mo – PDF)

Bonne lecture à toutes et à tous

Sommaire :


Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A. Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
B. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Somalia

II. Context: description of the security-related environment . . . . . . . . 15

III. Acts that threaten the peace, security and stability of Somalia . . .17
A. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
B. Al-Shabaab as a regional and international threat . . . . . . . . . 24
C. Human smuggling networks exploited by Al-Shabaab . . . . 25
D. Al-Shabaab finances . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
E. Sool Sanaag Cayn Army. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
F. Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

IV. Violations of the general and complete arms embargo. . . . . . . . . . 41
A. Bakaara arms market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
B. Diversion of arms and ammunition from the Transitional Federal Government and
affiliated militia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
C. Improvised explosive devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
D. Arms deliveries by air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
E. Man-portable air defence systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
F. Ethiopian assistance, operations and presence in Somalia. . . . . . .. . . 51
G. Private security companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
H. Private maritime security companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
I. Non-compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
V. Obstruction of humanitarian assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
A. Operational environment for humanitarian activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
B. Denial of access by Al-Shabaab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
C. Obstruction of access by other actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 62
D. Past misappropriation of aid resources and corrective measures . . . . 66

Eritrea

VI. Background and context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

VII. Support to armed groups involved in violence, destabilization or terrorist acts. . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A. External operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
B. Training facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 72
C. Eritrean assistance to armed groups in violation of Security Council resolutions 1844
(2008) and 1907 (2009) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
D. Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
E. Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
F. Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
G. The Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
VIII. Violations of the arms embargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
A. Arms imports and external military assistance . . . . . . . . . 90
B. Export of arms and ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 95

IX. Financing in support of violations of resolution 1907 (2009) . . . . . . . 97
A. Financing of military procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
B. Structure and control of finances: Eritrea’s formal and informal economic systems . . . . 99
C. Red Sea Corporation and other businesses owned by the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
spora taxes and remittances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
E. Fund-raising and mobilization by the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice in the diaspora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
F. Direct financial contributions. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
G. Clandestine business and banking networks of the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice in the diaspora. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
H. Honorary consuls and offshore business partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
I. Contraband trade with the Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
J. Human smuggling and trafficking . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
K. Mining operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

X. Acts that obstruct implementation of Security Council resolution 1862 (2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
A. Djiboutian military personnel missing in action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
B. Eritrean support for the Front pour la restauration de l’unité et de la démocratie-Combattant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Observations, conclusions and recommendations

XI. State cooperation with the Monitoring Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

XII. Observations and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 113

XIII. Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
A. Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
B. Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Annexes
Somalia
__________________________________________

1. Threats to peace and security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

1.1. Mogadishu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

1.1.a. African Union Mission in Somalia area of operations as of 24 March 2011 . . . 120

1.1.b. Mogadishu incident review from April 2010 to April 2011 . . . . . . 121

1.1.c. Civilian improvised explosive device casualties from April 2010 to April 2011….. 122

1.1.d. Attacks on African Union Mission in Somalia and Transitional Federal
Government forces from April 2010 to April 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123

1.2. Images of materiel recovered from Atom’s militia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

1.3. Case study: the Sool Sanaag Cayn Army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

2. Al-Shabaab as a regional threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135

2.1. Case study: the “11/7” Kampala bombings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

2.1.a. Mobile phone linkages to key suspects of the Kampala bombings, 11 July 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

2.1.b. Summary of mobile phone linkages and activities of key suspects of the
Kampala bombings, 11 July 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

2.2. Case study: Muslim Youth Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

2.2.a. Muslim Youth Centre constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

2.2.b. Muslim Youth Centre organizational chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

2.2.c. Al-Misbah weekly newsletters (No. 083, No. 085 and No. 087) . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

2.2.d. Photograph of minor at a Muslim Youth Centre recruitment session,
20 October 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

2.2.e. Photo of Muslim Youth Centre “Jihad training” at Sir Ali Muslim Club,
Nairobi, 27 September 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

2.2.f. Muslim Youth Centre receipt for “Jihad training” event at Sir Ali Muslim
Club, September 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

2.2.g. Photograph of Muslim Youth Centre members at the Abdullah al-Faisal
demonstration, 15 January 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

2.2.h. Photographs of “Amiir” Ahmad Iman Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173

2.2.i. Copy of cheque donation by Honourable Amina Abdullah, Member of
Parliament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

2.2.j. Kenyan Tourism Minister Najib Balala at Pumwani Riyaddha Mosque
Committee/Muslim Youth Centre fund-raising event . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

2.2.k. Transcript of audio recording of Ramadan Osao “Captain” and a Pumwani Riyaddha Mosque Committee member, 7 May 2011. . . . . . . . 177

2.3. Abdirahman Abdi Salawat passport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179

3. Al-Shabaab finances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

3.1. Case study: Al-Shabaab’s “charcoal for sugar” trade cycle . . . . . . 181

3.1.a. Company profile Al Baoon General 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

3.1.b. Kismaayo-Baraawe port manifest for Al Baoon General Trading . . 189

3.1.c. Cheque from Al Baoon General Trading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

3.1.d. Company profile Nour Mowafaq General Trading 2011. . . . 191

3.1.e. Company profile Sinwan General Trading 2011 and Sinwan-Adaani
separation letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

3.1.f. Company profile Mogadishu Stars General Trading 2011 . . . . 197

3.1.g. MV Amal bill of lading Brava-Jizan, 3 April 2010 . . . . . . . . . 198

3.2. Case study: Al-Shabaab taxation at ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

3.2.a. Taxation routes (with call outs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

3.2.b. Taxation routes (without call outs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

4. Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

4.1. Pirate Tactics, Techniques and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

4.1.a. Pirate attack on the MV Almezaan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 205

4.1.b. Hijacking of the MV Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

4.1.c. Modified skiff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

4.1.d. Seized pirate document (distribution of shares). . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

4.1.e. Weapons, equipment and motherships 2010-2011. . . . . . . . . 215

4.2. Case study: Loyaan Siciid Barte, pirate negotiator . . . . . . . . . . . 221

4.2.a. Sketch of pirate negotiator Loyaan Siciid Barte . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

4.3 Case study: pirates and finances — the Hobyo-Harardheere “business model” . . . . . . . . 228

5. Arms embargo violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230

5.1. Case study: diversion of arms and ammunition from the Transitional Federal
Government and affiliated militia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

5.2. Bodyguard BM-518 receivers recovered in Somalia . . . . . . . 235

5.3. Aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

5.3.a. List of Somali Airfields controlled by armed opposition groups . . 237

5.3.b. Survey of civil aviation movements during Al-Shabaab’s “Ramadan Offensive” …. 238

5.4. Case study: man-portable air defence systems in Somalia — how great is the threat? . . . 241

5.4.a. List and photographs of man-portable air defence systems and battery coolant units inspected in Harar, Ethiopia, November 2010 . . . . . . . 245

5.4.b. Markings of two SA-7b launchers from buyback request . .. . . 249

5.5. Non-compliant States and organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

6. Private security companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

6.1. Private security companies operating in Somalia . . . . . . . . . .. . . 255

6.1.a. Transitional Federal Government letter of endorsement for Clear Ocean . . . . . 265

6.2. Case study: Southern Ace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

6.2.a. Southern Ace company profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

6.2.b. Letter from Gaalmudug Minister of Aviation, 25 January 2010 .. 272

6.3. Case study: Saracen International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

6.3.a. Letter to the United Nations regarding cessation of counter-piracy training, 17 February 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

6.3.b. First page of Saracen company profile 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

6.3.c. Universal Consultants company registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

6.3.d. English translation of file on Saracen International from the Ministry of
Justice of Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

6.3.e. Australian African Global Investments air waybill flight EK-32604 . . . . . . . . . 292

6.3.f. Images of An-32 EK-32604 with cargo for Saracen International, at Hargeysa, December 2010. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

6.3.g. Australian African Global Investments invoice for Saracen International/
Puntland Development Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

6.3.h. UFA Consultants invoice for Saracen International. . . . . . . . . 297

6.3.i. MV Eaton — ship’s particulars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

6.3.j. Gaalmudug letter to the international community concerning Saracen
International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

6.4. Case study: Afloat Leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

6.4.a. MV Eaton — ship’s particulars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

6.5 Case study: Protection Vessels International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

6.5.a. Abandoned weapons, ammunition and equipment in Eritrea . . . . 313

6.6. Responses from private maritime security companies . . . .. . . . . . 314

7. Obstruction of humanitarian assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

7.1. Acts of obstruction against humanitarian operations . . . . . . . . 316

7.1.a. Summary of major acts of obstruction against humanitarian operations by date (2010/early 2011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

7.1.b. Summary of major acts of obstruction against humanitarian operations by
region/zone (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

7.2. Al-Shabaab expulsion, taxation and registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

7.2.a. Cases of expulsion by Al-Shabaab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 336

7.2.b. Al-Shabaab taxation and registration — additional examples and trends . . . . . 338

7.3. Humanitarian aspects of the mandate of the African Union Mission in Somalia. . . . . . . . 343

7.4 Transitional Federal Government registration and regulation of humanitarian activities . 344

7.4.a. Transitional Federal Government non-governmental organization registration 345

7.5. Puntland — obstacles to humanitarian assistance . . . . . . . . . . . 346

7.6. Somaliland — obstacles to humanitarian assistance . . . . . . . . . . 347

7.7. Obstruction of assistance by other regional authorities, freelance militias and bandits . . 348

7.8. Review of World Food Programme operations and corrective measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

7.8.a. World Food Programme compliant hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 352

Eritrea

8. Support for armed groups in the region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

8.1. Eritrean training facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

8.2. Images of Front pour la restauration de l’unité et de la démocratie-Combattant Training at Anda’ali, October 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . 357

8.3. Case study: The Ogaden National Liberation Front “Alanside force” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

8.3.a. Materiel recovered from Ogaden National Liberation Front “Alanside force” in Somaliland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

8.3.b. Materiel recovered from Ogaden National Liberation Front “Alanside force” near Jgjiga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

8.3.c. Eritrean end-user certificate for arms and ammunition purchased from
Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

8.4. Case study: planned “Oromo Liberation Front” operation to disrupt the African Union Summit (contained in section VII.E of the report) . . 374

8.4.a. Sample pages of Oromo Liberation Front contact list in Asmara. . 374

8.4.b. Sample money transfer records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

8.4.c. Selected images of explosives and materiel recovered from Oromo Liberation Front team arrested in Addis Ababa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

8.4.d. Eritrean end-user certificate for arms and ammunition purchased from
Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

8.4.e. Sample telephone records for Omar Idriss Mohamed . . . . . . . .. . 382

8.5. Case study: Eritrean intelligence links with Somali and other armed opposition groups . 384

8.5.a. Sample receipts of payments from the embassy of Eritrea . . . . . . . 389

9. Arms imports and external assistance . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

9.1. Summary of findings to date on military cooperation between Eritrea and the Islamic Republic of Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

9.2. Copy of ownership documentation of the MV Nizar M . . . . . . . . . . 392

9.3. Statement by Kafi Holdings Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

10. Aircraft maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

10.1. Eritrean Sukhoi Su-27 at the “AviaRemontny Zavod VVO 713” aircraft maintenance facilities in Zaporozhye, Ukraine (date unknown) .. . . . . . . . 395

10.2. Eritrean Pilatus Porter PC-6 bearing Eritrean flag, registration number E3-AAS and “EMIC” titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

11. Financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

11.1. Sample documentation of financial contributions from Eritrean businessmen to the
embassy of Eritrea in Kenya .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

12. Correspondence between the Monitoring Group and the Government of Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Observations, conclusions and recommendations
13. State cooperation with the Monitoring Group. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416